Consider the prenatal risk factors presented on the previous page and answer the questions below:
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
1. Aroha, active support networks and awareness of the effects of AOD consumption and daily behaviors. It doesn't stop there though, it also includes their lifestyle, social circles and influences.
Role modeling plays a huge part in how young people look after themselves during the stages of being hapu. Always encourage positive ways of life for better solutions.
2. Patience, understanding overall empathy.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
There is limited public information about the dangers of alcohol. Education around the dangers of risky alcohol consumption or other risky behaviours would be an advantage for pregnant women or for women thinking about having a baby. The education is there if you go looking for it, but alot of people live in denial when it comes to the dangers of alcohol, so they would never go looking for it. It needs to be talked about more on public platforms, and there needs to be more education in schools about the harm alcohol does to the body and brain and the body and brain of the unborn child. The same with other substances.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
They may not know they have FASD because their mother drank alcohol during preganancy. So disclosure and privacy are important. To gauge where the client is coming from and not assume that they know. Compassion to their situation, and work at a level suitable to their needs.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
having support around them, so that they can succeed in staying away from alcohol and or drugs, to be in the right environment, with the necessary tools learned and given to them for their success. GP/doctor/counsellor hehelp, and also that of whanau/friends/partner during this time. Educate her so she is aware of what damage alcohol can do.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
additional support from someone they trust. The fact that they may not be able to understand why they are being helped, they may lack communcation skills and different functioning skills. They may have neurological issues/delays. Patience goes a long way! Empathy!
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Mothers at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviour that can cause harm to their unborn child need to be supported with the same three things required for any behaviour change. The first is capability, the knowledge to understand the impacts of their choices, not just on their unborn child but themselves and their wider family. The second element is the opportunity to succeed. This means being in an environment where that choice is available and manageable. This may mean being in a dry environment during pregnancy to reduce risks. The final factor that needs to be present is motivation. Without the intrinsic desire to complete the pregnancy sober, it is less likely to happen. The delivery of the capability information is key to developing a genuine motivation rather than feeling 'told off'.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
People with FASD my have a variety of neurodevelopmental differences relating to executive function, communication, managing relationship, and self-regulation. They may also require support to understand their rights when working with a counsellor.
1. I feel the most important need of a mother that are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviors that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children is Education and support. Talk to them without judgment and find out where she will be living while pregnant and with whom, ensuring she will be safe there. Pass on lots and lots of brochures to look at, also to show anyone she will be living with, so they can support her and lessen any temptation. Ensure she has registered with a midwife if possible. Ensuring that she knows your office is always a safe space to sit and discuss if she is finding it hard, or has a night of drinking, etc, so you can help her with some steps to prevent this from happening again.
2.
When working with people with FASD understand that FASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder and will differ immensely from person to person. Ask them how it mostly affects them so you know how best to help. If they are not aware, they suffer from FASD, and they are just struggling; this may be something to keep in mind while in the counselor's seat.
The most essential key needs for mothers at risk of engaging in risky behaviours such as drinking alcohol or ingesting drugs is 1. education and 2. support. Education is required as some people may be unaware of the long term detriment that these behaviours during fetal development stage can cause to their unborn child. I myself was unaware of the stage in which the fetus is at in month 2 where the brain cells are rapidly growing therefore FASD is more likely. Therefore, even in reduced consumption during this critical stage can be damaging long term. Education can be provided if the mother either alone, or with a support person, attends parenting classes or doctors providing pamphlets and discourse on these dangers. Those that may be at higher risk of higher intake of alcohol or drugs can be educated through community support i.e. addiction groups. Support is another key aspect to preventing drug and alcohol intake - this can be through again support groups to budding parents, support from friends and whanau, healthcare professionals, and counsellors. It is important to note what may be leading to the need for alcohol consumption - is it due to missing out with their peers, stress, habit? These can be addressed accordingly be in counselling support or friend's/whanau abstinence in solidarity.
Some important things to consider when working with young people with FASD is first and foremost, knowledge of the condition as a part of their prenatal development is important as it was out of their control. Therefore, patience and understanding without judgement is paramount. FASD is also expressed in a multitude of different ways therefore flexibility is important, without discounting that it is still a condition. If IQ is affected, using simple language and body language cues can be helpful for the youth to feel comfortable and understood. Behavioural problems will still need to be met with a calm, patient assertiveness and structured boundaries. Any alteration to appearances, it is key to ensure the youth does not feel ostracized by treating them the same as all others. Not avoiding eye contact or drawing attention to the deformity is an example of how this could be considered.
I think the two key needs would be: support and education. Ensuring that the mother understands the potential harm she could cause to her unborn child is critical. But this would ideally be done in a non-judgmental way. Each pregnant mother will be different and some will have more challenges than others (e.g., previous addictions, potentially living in an unsafe situation, trauma, socio economic factors etc). The key is ensuring the education is provided in a way that is understandable (including in a variety of languages), readily available and (if given in person) provided in a caring and sensitive manner.
Support for the pregnant mother is key. While support from eg counsellors/healthcare professionals is would be beneficial, the at risk mother would ideally also be supported by whanau and friends during this period. Feelings of connectedness and belonging, as well as feeling supported during this time of change and for what is to come, would all be beneficial in helping an at risk mother to be less likely to engage in these behaviours.
In terms of some of the important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD:
Mothers who decide to drink alcohol or indulge in any toxic substances while pregnant, are usually unaware of HOW much damage is happening to the fetus/unborn child. Knowledge is key. Information on prenatal pregnancies, whether it be books, videos or classes, would help direct the mother to healthier decisions. Also whanau/partner/friends support would be a huge impact to encourage Mum to make better choices. If neither of the options are feasible, then maybe move the mother to a safer environment for the remainder of the pregnancy eg: toxic relationship causing harm to mother and unborn child.
A friend whāngai her grandson who had/has FASD. He has had behavioral issues all his 17yrs. Quick to react angrily. No patience. Frustrasted with everything. Learning is such a challenge for him, no matter how hard he tries. Because of these challenges, his self esteem is lower than his siblings. Counselling will come from a place of calm, patience and understanding with our tamariki. A place of safety as it will be an ongoing journey for both parents and child. Counselmthe parents as well as the child if possible. Maybe offer outside help with schooling etc. Focus on the child. Not the FASD.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
I think the most important needs of a mother who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviors that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children is definitely
1. Support where is it needed
2. Education/ awareness.
Support and education/ awareness fall hand in hand. Unfortunately, for some hāpu mothers, they don't realize the long-term effects it can cause for themselves and as well as their babies. On the other end, they are aware of the harm it can cause but so far into the addiction/ substance use they struggle to come out of the vicious cycle.
Support can possibly involve (but not limited to) mokopuna ora services, māmā support groups, community support workers that specialize in the māmās needed support and counselling. When this support comes in, the awareness/ education can follow. I think it is important for a lot of mothers to know and understand the contributing factors to the development of the baby and how EVERYTHING that the mother consumes also contributes to this. Everything being environmental, relationships, emotional, mental, physical and even nutrition.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
1. Patience. One of the biggest things I have learnt so far is having patience for the tamariki/ rangatahi with FASD. As there can be a delay in their learning, communication and even comprehension through conversations. Some things have had to be broken down to the finer detail and especially within the education sector.
2. Assertiveness. Some rangatahi with FASD can have a shorter temper than others in group settings. This doesn't down them as an individual, however, too much happening in one space can end up as a sensory overload and cause them to become overwhelmed within the setting.
3. Compassion. Focusing on creating supportive and safe environments for them to come as they are. Holding space through conversation and allowing them to take their time in this space. The biggest thing I have learnt in the field is that they all present themselves differently. When the time, space and compassion is presented to them, it allows them to show up as they are, and it allows us to observe to then respond accordingly.
1.
I think pregnancy can be a really long and challenging time, especially for first-time mums. There’s a lot of pressure, both physically and emotionally, and it can feel overwhelming—especially if they don’t have much support. For mums who are doing it on their own, I believe it’s so important that they have someone to talk to, whether that’s a family member, a counsellor, or a support worker. Even just knowing someone is there for them can make a big difference.
For couples, it can be beneficial for both parents to seek support together. Activities like couples counseling or attending parenting classes as a team can help them feel more prepared and united. These experiences also provide an opportunity for parents to learn how to support each other and gain a better understanding of what to expect in their parenting journey.
2.
I think it’s really important to focus on the child, not just their condition. I believe in looking at what the child can do, not just what they struggle with. From there, we can give support that suits their unique needs and strengths.
These children often do better when there’s a consistent routine and a clear structure. They can feel overwhelmed easily, so keeping things simple and predictable really helps. I also think it’s important to celebrate their small wins—it might not seem like much to others, but for them, those little steps are big achievements.
Involving family and whānau is the key. This collaboration enhances the support system for the child, meaningful and consistent.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
I think mothers who are at risk need support, and ONGOING support. I believe counselling in this instance would be hugely beneficial to the mother and unborn child to work through triggers which is causing the mother to drink or engage in risky behaviours while pregnant.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
I think to remember and consider that these young people were actually born this way. They cannot help learning difficulties or behaviours that are a result of FASD. Having the patience and spending the time to help and support these children with the difficulties they may face will give them the best hope for their future.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Support!! Western culture doesn't seem to hold a high value for motherhood at the best of times. I think mothers are undersupported and underresourced as a result of this. The mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other high-risk behaviours and situations desperately need support. The type of support they would need might vary depending on their specific situation and risk type. I believe having a community and positive connection would also be a wonderful resource for these mothers. I think having their basic needs of safety and nourishment would need to be met first, and then if there was capacity, perhaps also education around how alcohol consumption and environmental factors can impact their baby.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
The impacts of FASD can vary and can include complex physical, cognitive, behavioural, learning and intellectual problems. The effects are lifelong and are diverse and individual, depending on how much alcohol is consumed and at what stage of brain development.
Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Mothers at risk of drinking or other behaviours such as substance abuse during pregnancy need wrap around support not only for their immediate needs, but also the potential long - term effects on the child. In addition to professional healthcare, counselling and addiction treatment services they will need emotional support in a non-judgmental environment to help them make positive changes
What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
It is important to understand their needs and create plans that will foster their development. Patience and understanding are at the forefront to build positive relationships to address the challenges along the way
What do I think are the most important needs of at-risk mothers? A non-judgmental, loving, supportive network, starting with her partner if there is one involved. An appropriate holistic wrap-around service if needed, where she, the baby daddy and any other whanau can all get advice and support. Support that advocates and empowers the mother and whanau, advising them on pathways that can lead to life changes or adjustments. Changes that best fit the needs of not only the baby in utero but the newborn and beyond.
Important things I would consider when working with young people who have FASD: this disorder shows in many different ways, all unique to the individual. So firstly, I would have a solid 'getting to know you' period when initially working with people who have FASD. Listening to their language and the terms they use to describe their disorder, their challenges and their strengths. Focusing on building trust, understanding and safety for your time together. I've always been a big believer that our words are powerful and hold a lot of meaning and are a great tool. However, when working with FASD we need to be guided by the client, because what we consider normative language, they may find confusing, challenging or hurtful. Showing this respect and care as a practitioner shows that you see them as their own sovereign being, beyond their disorder and within it.
1. Support networks, non judgemental spaces, potentially addiction rehabilitation, educational resources, open and honest conversation. Gentle discussion about what they are attempting to cope with through use of alcohol and/or substances.
2. That they may have additional needs or require a different approach. If we are walking alongside each client and basing their healing on what they themselves desire, we need to be prepared to offer extra support or extra resources where required.
1. I think the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours are safe and non-judgmental support as many mothers struggle with shame, trauma or addiction. Listen to them without judgement and create a care plan for the mother and the baby. Clear education delivered to them which they understand the risk of alcohol and drugs on fetal development. Mental health and support to solve Trauma, anxiety or depression which drive harmful behavioural. Stable place to live so that they are less stressed. Connection with the whanau, community and cultural support which can be powering. The services must be affordable and accessible and early access to maternity care.
2.When working with young people with FASD, it is important to understand that this is a lifelong, brain-based disability. They should have clear structured and consistent routine help reduce anxiety and improve functioning. Build their confidence and trust by focusing on their strength, maintaining simple communication by using visual aids and concrete language, Involve the whanau in decision making, offer them tools and support as well. Cultural safety and belonging which gives connection to identity, culture and whenua with resilience and healing
1. I consider the access to the right support being the most important needs, especially if the pregnancy is unplanned. The FASD can be prevented by eliminating alcohol consumption during the pregnancy, having access to the right information is a vital step in understanding what the risk factors are and how they can be identified then eliminated. It is also important to consider wellbeing support as it can improve mental health of the mothers in coping with significant changes that comes with pregnancy.
2. Young people with FASD can have many challenges they struggle with but they also have their strengths. While it's important to take into consideration of common challenges it is also important to understand the person and their own struggles.
1. I think the needs of becoming mothers, who are at risk of consuming alcohol during pregnancy are to have a stable support system. Someone close to them like a partner, a parent, a friend, a professional who they can trust, lean on and confide in. Someone to help them develope healthy, satisfying habbits to replace old ones that are no longer appropriate. Someone who can help them transition into this new era of their life. Education surely is helpful! Knowing where to find help and resources in the community, city they live in can be a saving grace. I believe we all do the best in life with the tools we have, judgmental thoughts or talk would be devastating for woman in this situation. For all becoming mothers struggling with substance abuse, I wish they feel taken care of, loved, supported, protected and stand in their feminine power, knowing they are creating a miracle and are one themselves.
2. Important to consider would be that FASD is a spectrum, so getting to know the individual you are working with and creatng a trusting, caring relationship is a high priority. What are their struggles and strengths? How does this diagnose impact the individual. Do they have a support system? It is important to be very informed about FASD when working with someone who is affected by it. To be patient, kind and trustworthy is important for all of us, I think an good extra portion of these attributes would go a long way here.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
The most important need for Mothers that are going through pregnancy to help minimize the risk of drinking or engaging in other negative behaviours for the babies health is support and a good group around her. With drinking as stated in the previous article it can be hard for someone to step out on drinking entirely especially if it is a normality in their life which is often the case in New Zealand, with this knowledge having others abstaining with her especially close relatives can help make it easier to stay away and make it easier to manage feelings of envy.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
Some important things to consider when working with a young person who has FASD is to be understanding. Since FASD can lead to an array of complicated disorders neurologically and physically it is important to go in with patience as they will most likely require a differing style of care than others. By going in with this mindset it minimizes the risk of the client feeling ostracized or judged.
The most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol is to find emotional and psychological support. They need support to not feel isolated and on their own. Maybe peer support with other mothers that are going through the same thing. Education on how important it is for the unborn child to not be exposed to alcohol and the effects it can have on the unborn fetus. They should also look at having nonjudgmental help from peers and family.
Important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD is to have a great understanding of FASD and how it can effect each client differently. The client might be forgettable of certain experiences and also take a longer time to process everything. You would need to show a great display of patience and take baby steps with each achievement. You might have to have a more flexible approach towards strategies in helping each client.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Support- From whanau, friends and their community. Educating mothers on the importance of a healthy diet and lifestyle. Explaining and teaching on the long term effects and the life long impacts it will have on their unborn child and them as a mother if they drink and use drugs. Educating the community, friends and whanau so they are able to best support the mother
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
Having a good understanding of what FASD is. Having individual strategies, patience and routine. FASD effects everybody differently. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder and memory difficulties and learning delays are often present. Understand that behavioural issues may stem from brain differences rather than intentional misbehaviour.
While education is very important i don't believe we start this early enough in schools mainly due to cultural and religious beliefs. Things we learn earlier in life seem to stick with us more. When dealing with mothers that are at risk of engaging in unhealthy behavior with regards to alcohol and drugs there need to be a lot of wrap around support offered along with care and guidance as these mothers will usually have experienced childhood trauma or physical and emotional abuse. Both alcohol and drugs are used to self medicate from past trauma and we as counsellor need to help our clients identify where this trauma has come from and to give them an environment that they feel safe to began their healing process. There is huge amounts of stigma attached to substance abuse and this leads to people being ashamed to come forward.
When working with young people with FASD you must first access the degrees of damaged done to the brain and what their degree of cognitive skills are. I think it is very important to not lay blame on the person but to make them feel safe and supported. Depending of the severity of some one with FASD they may need to be given clear instructions that will need to be reinforce with positive encouragement and clear boundaries.
As this is a condition that the person has very little control over but can have huge repercussions for the individual, their family and community it has to be dealt with in a community environment that offers protection and safety for all involved. A counsellor ability to remain calm and understanding is very important and to be an advocate for the young perdon to feel heard and understood.
What do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children? Personally, I think education and emotional support are some of the important needs for mothers who are at the risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children. Most mothers tend to go through emotion challenges that can lead to consuming alcohol, this is where seeking help and educating them comes in (having a support person). It is important for mothers to be educated on the risks consuming alcohol carries for their unborn children because in the long run this can affect their health.
What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD? Some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD is having the right approach. People come from different backgrounds of problems, allowing to understand them at their level is important especially for younger people. Working with them at their level with patience.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Firstly, I would suggest that the most important need for the mother, her support network and wider community (where possible) needs to be education. Showing the real, lifelong effects of alcohol, and other substances, on the unborn child. Including the difficulties that the child may have throughout their life. Secondly, support needs to be available, providing guidance and coping strategies to the mother as needed.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
We need to consider, that due to the effects of FADS, their brains can be wired differently, and may have sensory, behavioral and learning difficulties. As such, the young person would benefit from a calm environment in which they feel safe and can be heard. Offering clear communication and showing an understanding of their struggles.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Educating the mothers, the importance of being healthy while pregnant. The positive impacts that has to the fetus during pregnancy and the long time positive effects it would have when they grow up. In contrast, teaching them the negative impact it has if they were chose to drink whilst pregnant. Stunt growth, slow developing brain, prone to infections and when they grow up, they may suffer from depression, unsociable, disconnected.
Social and support services would be highly recommended in these situations such as Counsellors, social workers, housing, - services that could offer the support needed for these circumstances.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
To approach with caution. It's important to learn how they function in different settings such as being in a group vs one on one. How they interact in a noisy place vs quiet space. How they act with other young people vs adults - does the young person interact more with adults rather than kids their own age? Observing these types of behaviors can determine what the best way would be to approach them.
Primarily support and encouragement are important while educating the mother of the life long harm their behaviours are posing to their unborn child. This not only includes the dangers of cigarettes, drugs and alcohol; but also the importance of good nutrition, self care and a safe healthy environment. Helping them to understand that nine months of exposure to risk can have very real life-long consequences for their baby.
I believe that a patient, encouraging approach is important; and also to be accepting of the differing needs the young person may have. Work with clear and consistent communication that is tailored to their level of understanding (meet them where they are at). It is worth considering a wrap around approach with involvement/input from the wider circle such as family, caregivers, school or community groups to help the young person build coping strategies and tools.
I think the most important needs for a mother who is at risk of those behaviours needs a space where they don't feel judged and can express how they feel. they need access to support services such as drug and alcohol counselling, stop smoking supports from their GP. and on a cultural perspective, whanau support and a sense of belonging and connection to their baby. Pregnant mothers also need housing and medical care, access to healthy kai and transport in order to get the help they require.
Some things to consider for children with FASD could be recognising the severity of the disability and also how you approach these children with different levels of understanding and comprehension. Most importantly building a trusting relationship so they are confident and comfortable when speaking to you. Making sure that the child has a safe and secure environment with their counsellor.
1. the most important needs for mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviors would be the support available to them. the most important thing for her to have during this time, would be someone/people who could support her in a non-judgement way and help her overcome the addiction and encourage her to remove herself from the environment she is in, in order for her to receive the proper help she needs during this time of pregnancy.
2. The important things to consider while working with young people who have FASD, would be to find more support in areas the young person is struggling in. For their counsellor to be more patient and understanding when talking to this young person.
1. What do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
When baby is grows inside the mother's womb, this time is very important because the baby's body, brain, and organs are developing. During pregnancy if mother is drinking alcohol, smoking or engaging in other behaviours these things can stop the baby getting enough oxygen or harm how the baby's brain and body grow. If the mother is very stressed, scared or sad for a long time it can also affect on the baby's health. It is important for mothers to take good care of themselves, eat healthy food, get regular checkups and stay in a safe and loving place while they are pregnant. This helps the Baby grow well and be healthy when it is born.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
young people with FASD may need more time to understand things, a counsellor need to be clam and do not to rush them. Sometimes they might have trouble understand big words or long sentences, speak clearly and use easy words. Pictures, charts or drawings can help them understand better than just talking. The counsellor needs to be gentle and kind to make them feel safe. Help them build confidence by showing them what they are good at.
The most important needs of mothers who are at risk is to provide a non-judgemental space to help her address underlying causes of alcohol/substance use such as anxiety or depression, giving her healthier coping strategies and resources for difficult times and providing education about FASD in an easy to digest way. Making sure she has wrap around support from her midwife, whanau, counsellor and other support services in her community.
When working with young people with FASD It is important to consider their level of disability and their environment, treating each with patience and meeting them where they are at. Working with the parents or caregivers to help to establish consistent routines and boundaries, and create an appropriate plan for their care.
1. I think it is really important for mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol and engaging in other harmful behaviors to get the right support and education needed to get them through. Instead of judging, educate them in a respectful, kind way. Show them the statistics and the outcome of this behavior. Another thing is give them resources and tools that can help when times get tough, and just be a supportive, healthy outlet for them.
At my work I work with a young boy with FASD, and the best thing is structure and visuals. Being extra patient and gentle. Giving them a safe space to feel supported, welcomed and cared for. Some FASD kids aren't as massively impacted, whereas others will never be able to live a "normal" life.
Easy & free access to relationship based and culturally sensitive maturnity care.
Non-judgmental, non-stigmatising education of alcohol/drug use during pregnancy and its consequences. “There is no safe amount”.
Ideally an informed and supportive environment. Family, friends and partner supporting being alcohol/drug free. General education to shape NZ drinking culture & awareness.
Reducing stressors in the mother’s life: financial, relationship, family, housing, mental health and/or addiction support – wrap around care, ideally coordinated by one person
FASD is a spectrum disorder and each individual will show unique challenges and strengths. There is no one way approach, but common principles apply…
Understand the FASD brain and it’s symptoms. Common “behaviours” (uncooperative & resistant, confabulating, inability to relate action and consequences..) are all expressions of the disorder that stem from impaired neo cortex function rather than “bad behaviour”. Common behaviour management techniques, reasoning, punishment or incentives won’t work, there’s no fix.
A person with FASD can thrive and lean into their strengths if they can establish strong, loving and trusting relationships with their support people. They require calm, routine, structure and concrete boundaries..
On a practical level, accommodate for person specific impairments. Processing speed, sensory experience, etc.
A collaborative, well informed team approach with social services, whanau, school, therapists etc is essential
1. I think that the most important needs of pregnant mothers to avoid life long harm to their unborn child is support and education. This primarily should come from the GP or midwife, they can inform and monitor the mother. After that the mothers social network can play a big role in preventing risks taken while pregnant, family and friends can be influential during this time through their support.
2. To firstly remember that each person is unique, young people who have FASD will present with their own challenges and strengths. These will vary from social, to sensory, learning to self regulation, some children will also have behavioural diagnoses. Having an comprehensive understanding on these important facets of children with FASD will help when working with them, remembering the strengths they have can be a pathway forwards to facilitating postive growth.
1. I think firstly and most importantly, mothers at risk of consuming alcohol or engaging in risky behaviour require education from a professional who is non judgemental, knowledgable on the subject of FASD and approaches the subject in the right way.
Medical terms can be difficult to understand and it is important that when the risks and dangers are explained, the mother can understand, and the information is heard and processed. Maybe the mother requires a midwife that has experience with drug and alcohol addiction as to make this subject a bit lighter during midwifery appointments. Mothers need support and kindness, wrap around care and potentially a service that is available to talk to 24/7 if the mother requires that extra support.
2. looking back on some experience I have had as a Public Health Nurse, working with children diagnosed with FASD in the community, the first thought that comes to mind is that in my experience these children were not living with their biological mothers, due to ongoing alcohol, drugs and/or family violence, as a result the children I have worked with were experiencing multiple challenges from physical to mental health, issues with toileting, nutrition and behaviour effecting homelife, social life and schooling were vivid. I found these children took a while to warm up to me as they appeared vulnerable and sensitive and once they got to know me achieving any small goals we had was very rewarding.
Replacing judgement with understanding in these situations is critical. Since NZ has a binge drinking culture highlighted in excessive drinking post, during, and even after events, coupled with the fact that about 50% of pregnancies are unplanned, there is a lot to consider. Some women may simply be unaware of the effects prenatal alcohol consumption has on babies, some may be unaware that they are pregnant and continue to drink socially, and some may continue to drink alcohol to self-medicate or have an addiction. Either way, supporting women during this time is essential. Some women with an alcohol problem may feel too ashamed to ask for help, creating a barrier in getting the support their baby needs to aid FASD symptoms. Furthermore, FASD information needs to be more widely available to all, not just pregnant women, so that better decisions can be made and family can offer reminders. Overall, only a small amount of alcohol can cause FASD, so adopting better alcohol and contraceptive plans, as well as readily available information, could help to reduce cases.
As counsellors, it is important to understand the various physical, behavioural, learning and intellectual problems those with FASD may have. They may struggle with memory recollection, have difficulty reading social cues, struggle with anxiety or depression, or may struggle with following instructions or concentrating.
Importantly, the symptoms one experiences can vary greatly from person to person, so it’s important to understand not to take the one size fits all approach, rather tailor sessions in a way that is easily understandable to the individual. Empowering young people to take control of their life in a way that they are able to is a skill counsellors can develop to uphold the core counselling value of social justice.
1. Education, judgment free support, help on how to find other coping mechanisms and community.
2. That it's a spectrum some will have higher needs and they will not all have the same disabilities. I think it would be key to develop a unique support plan for each individual depending on their needs and other comorbidities. Also working with the family to educate them on tools to help support their child.
I think one of the biggest things mothers at risk of drinking or harmful behaviours during pregnancy need is non-judgmental support and empathy. There could be bigger things going on like trauma, addiction, or not having much help from whānau or community. They could need access to mental health and addiction services, as well as safe and respectful care from professionals.
When it comes to working with young people who have FASD, I’m learning that they may need things explained in different ways. They might struggle with memory or controlling emotions, but that doesn’t mean they’re intentionally being difficult. They just need consistent support, clear communication, and people around them who understand how their brain works. I think it’s so important to be patient and focused on their personal journey.
1. Personally, I think that he most important needs of a mother that its consuming Alcohol or Drugs during pregnancy, would be having the right support system and enough information to be able to get help and treatment towards the wellbeing for the mother and the baby., surrounding herself with a healthy environment.
2. Some of the important things to consider would be: Life history from the mother and the child from conception to the present; consequences of the alcohol consumption during pregnancy in the child such as cognitive functions, learning disabilities, social and emotional skills, motor skills.
After getting a whole picture of the state of the young person, would be good to gather information of the health professionals and agencies that can be part of the holistic support system to make sure that is receiving the right help.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
I think the most important needs of mothers in these situations is to feel supported to enable change through certain health services and education that is safe, easy to access, free of charge, culturally sensitive and non judgmental.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
Its important to consider is that each person with FASD is unique and is effected differently. They may have learning disabilities, sensory differences, social difficulties etc and being aware of these in how you engage with them as a counsellor. There may other services as well as counselling that can help this young person across areas of their life. It's important to consider how they may feel as a young person with FASD, such as shame, anger, low self esteem or the stigma associated with FASD. It is important to realise their strengths and skills and enable them to love and develop on those aspects of themselves.
1. Education around the effects that these choices will have on your unborn baby. Many women are unaware of the danger they are placing on their unborn child. The right support sources around them, as well as options offered to help them make the right choices.
2. Most people who have FASD will be at the mental age much younger than what they are. Thery will not be able to make the same decisions as someone their age who does not have FASD. It is important to have routine and take time to connect and understand your person.
Mums who might be drinking during pregnancy need support without judgment. Stigma can make it hard for them to ask for help, so it’s important to be kind and give clear info about how it affects their baby. Understanding why they might be struggling, such as stress or trauma, and connecting them to the right services and whānau support helps both mum and baby stay healthy.
FASD affects everyone differently and often isn’t obvious. Young people with FASD can have trouble remembering things, following steps, or using what they’ve learned in new situations. They might process info slower, so it’s best to keep things simple and repeat as needed. Having a steady routine helps them feel safe, and working closely with their whānau and support people makes a big difference.
Education around alcohol consumption and substance use and the potential risks of causing lifelong harm to their unborn babies. Education around the importance of a safe calm environment along with nutritional education to provide the unborn baby with the best developmental environment. Easy to access prenatal care and support, financial support and addiction and mental health support may be needed to enable the required education.
That they have brain-based differences and are often scared, confused and may have low self-esteem. The young person or their whanau may have experienced stigma through discrimination or negative attitudes, so feelings of shame and worthlessness are common.
Recognising that traditional behavioural strategies may not be appropriate therefore an individual strengths-based support system, may be beneficial.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Mothers who are at risk would benefit from non-judgemental support, education, and access to safe services. Many may be facing complex challenges like addiction, mental health issues, trauma, or lack of support.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
When working with young people who have FASD, it’s important to be patient, use clear instructions, keep routines consistent, and understand that their behaviour is often linked to how their brain works.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Education and support. I think if you fully understand the scope of the risks you are placing on the child and also are capable of making the right choices for yourself and your child those are the tools you need to make the right choices. However, some women may not have these tools and often substance abuse comes from an unmet need or escapism.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
That you are working with a young person who has a lifelong Disorder and that certain considerations will need to be made/assessed (eg. taking extra time to communicate, lower threshold for correct behavioural patterns) while working with them. FASD being a spectrum means most likely no two clients will present in the exact same ways or respond to things in the same way. They may also carry resentment towards their situation due to it having been inflicted upon them by a parent which can cause resistance or distrust.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Support around why they may be drinking and/or unable to stop. Outside environmental factors could be playing a big part in the need to drink. Then offer education about the negative impacts on drinking during pregnancy in a non-judgemental manner. Discovering what other outside resources or support services are also available to the mother. A good extended support system will be important.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
Taking the time to get to know the person as an individual to assess their needs. Also important to be aware that information and learning gained in one place may not be transferred to other similar areas and what they have learnt one day may also not be retained to be able to be recalled at a later date. Language may also prove difficult to both understand and use. It will be important to make sure to clarify that they have understood what they are saying and what is being said, they may have a slower processing speed.
Being aware of other services that are involved with the child could also be beneficial to fill in any knowledge that could be beneficial for working with the young person. As children with FAS thrive on routine and structure it would be worth finding out what strategies are currently being used or needed for young person.
1. It's important that the expantant mother is educated on the life long risks she is posing to her baby by potentially drinking alcohol or engaging in other behavious. Stressing the importance of a calm, safe, happy enviroment for herself will also be best for the baby. Also stressing the importants of a good healthy diet and ensuring the child has optimal development opportunities.
2. When working with young people with FASD it's important to understand that FASD is a spectrum and the implications of FASD can affect many other health issues throughout someone's life. FASD is a delicate topic and sensitivity is required, but it's also not a life sentence. Many people with FASD live productive and happy lives.
1. Generally speaking, what do you think are the most important needs of mothers who are at risk of drinking alcohol or engaging in other behaviours that can cause lifelong harm to their unborn children?
Support services around the mother and whanau. With a non judgmental approach. Education and Awareness needs to be ongoing and maybe with addiction and MH services attached. A stable and routine oriented living environment is crucial, like a safe home and enough money for nutrition and paying the bills. Social Worker could work with the whole family/whanau and wider community to connect a good support system around the mother.
2. What are some important things to consider when working with young people who have FASD?
To support the person within their neurodevelopmental stages and with that challenges - meet them where they are at, use strengths basis approach and individualize how to deliver the support. Rhythm and routine is very important, have trauma informed practices when meeting the person as trauma is highly likely a part of their story. If possible a person led and definitely person centered relationship. The best approach is a wrap around plan so all professionals who supporting the person are on the same page, deliver the same plan and support with the person in the middle point. Advocate for the persons needs and aspirations and create awareness of what FASD is - a complex invisible disability from a brain damage.